Study Title
A Synthesis of Pathways Linking Diet, Metabolic Risk, and Cardiovascular Disease: A Framework to Guide Further Research and Approaches to Evidence-Based Practice.
Principal Investigator
Marjorie Rafaela Lima do Vale, Luke Buckner, Claudia Gabriela Mitrofan, Claudia Raulino Tramontt, Sento Kai Kargbo, Ali Khalid, Sammyia Ashraf, Saad Mouti, Xiaowu Dai, David Unwin, Jeffrey Bohn, Lisa Goldberg, Rajna Golubic, Sumantra Ray.
Affiliation
NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, University of Oxford, University of California Berkeley, Norwood Surgery, Swiss Re Institute, University of Cambridge.
Start Date
February 2021.
End Date
November 2021.
Study Objective
To organize current evidence linking diet, conventional and emerging physiological risk factors with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, incidence, and mortality, and to present a framework for future research using causal inference methods.
Short Abstract
This narrative review presents diagrams to visualize the relationship between diet, physiological risk factors, and cardiovascular disease. The review synthesizes the latest research to create pathways linking diet and CVD outcomes, addressing conventional and emerging risk factors. The diagrams offer a tool for researchers to improve study designs and target areas of intervention in CVD prevention and treatment.
Study Design
Narrative review based on systematic collection of evidence from databases such as Medline and Embase, and primary references from the British Nutrition Task Force report on diet and CVD.
Population
No specific population; focus on general CVD risk factors related to diet and metabolic health.
Sample Size
Not applicable.
Inclusion Criteria
Systematic reviews and research studies focusing on diet, risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes.
Exclusion Criteria
Not applicable.
Intervention/Exposure
Analysis of dietary risk factors in relation to cardiovascular disease.
Outcome Measures
The review focused on identifying potential causal links between diet, metabolic risk factors, and cardiovascular outcomes, with a visual framework for future research.
Funding Source
Supported by the Swiss Re Institute and core funding from the NNEdPro Nutrition Research and Innovation Consortium.
Collaborating Institutions
NNEdPro Global Centre for Nutrition and Health, University of Oxford, University of California Berkeley, Norwood Surgery, Swiss Re Institute, University of Cambridge.
Ethics Approval
Not applicable (review article).
Publication Status
Published in Nutrition Research Reviews, 2023.
Keywords
Cardiovascular disease, diet, causality, metabolic risk, nutritional status.
Data Collection Methods
Systematic collection and review of published studies from databases and previous research reports.
Primary Data Availability
Data referenced from existing studies and databases (Medline, Embase).
Contact Information
Dr. Sumantra Ray,